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GoogleCloudPlatform/functions-framework-php

GoogleCloudPlatform/functions-framework-php

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Last Updated: 2023-09-17 10:35:28

#php #functions-as-a-service #google-cloud #cloud-functions

FaaS (Function as a service) framework for writing portable PHP functions

License: Apache License 2.0

Languages: PHP, Shell

Functions Framework for PHP Packagist

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An open source FaaS (Function as a service) framework for writing portable PHP functions.

The Functions Framework lets you write lightweight functions that run in many different environments, including:

The framework allows you to go from:

use Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface;

function helloHttp(ServerRequestInterface $request)
{
    return "Hello World from a PHP HTTP function!" . PHP_EOL;
}

To:

curl http://my-url
# Output: "Hello World from a PHP HTTP function!"

All without needing to worry about writing an HTTP server or complicated request handling logic.

Watch this video to learn more about Functions Frameworks.

Features

  • Spin up a local development server for quick testing
  • Invoke a function in response to a request
  • Automatically unmarshal events conforming to the CloudEvents spec
  • Portable between serverless platforms

Installation

Add the Functions Framework to your composer.json file using Composer.

composer require google/cloud-functions-framework

Define your Function

Create an index.php file with the following contents:

<?php

use Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface;

function helloHttp(ServerRequestInterface $request)
{
    return "Hello World from a PHP HTTP function!" . PHP_EOL;
}

Quickstarts

Run your function locally

After completing the steps under Installation and Define your Function, run the following commands:

export FUNCTION_TARGET=helloHttp
php -S localhost:8080 vendor/bin/router.php

Open http://localhost:8080/ in your browser and see Hello World from a PHP HTTP function!.

Run your function in a container

After completing the steps under Installation and Define your Function, build the container using the example Dockerfile:

docker build . \
    -f vendor/google/cloud-functions-framework/examples/hello/Dockerfile \
    -t my-cloud-function

Run the cloud functions framework container:

docker run -p 8080:8080 \
    -e FUNCTION_TARGET=helloHttp \
    my-cloud-function

Open http://localhost:8080/ in your browser and see Hello World from a PHP HTTP function. You can also send requests to this function using curl from another terminal window:

curl localhost:8080
# Output: Hello World from a PHP HTTP function!

Run your function on Google Cloud Functions

NOTE: For an extensive list of samples, see the PHP functions samples and the official how-to guides.

Follow the steps below to deploy to Google Cloud Functions. More information on function deployment is available in the GCF documentation.

To run your function on Cloud Functions, first you must have the gcloud SDK installed and authenticated.

Make sure your source file (which defines your function) is called index.php. The Functions Framework lets you choose a function source file, but Cloud Functions currently uses the default of index.php.

Decide which function in the source file to invoke, that is, the name that you used when writing the function. This is called the target.

Choose a Cloud Functions name for your function. The name identifies this function deployment (e.g. in the cloud console) and is also part of the function's default URL. (Note: the name and the target do not have to be the same value.)

Then, from the directory containing your function source, issue the gcloud command to deploy:

gcloud functions deploy $YOUR_FUNCTION_NAME \
    --runtime=php74 \
    --entry-point=$YOUR_FUNCTION_TARGET \
    --trigger-http

The --entry-point flag can be omitted if the target has the same value as the name.

If your function handles events rather than HTTP requests, you'll need to replace --trigger-http with a different trigger. For details, see the reference documentation for gcloud functions deploy.

To update your deployment, just redeploy using the same function name. Configuration flags are not required.

Run your function in Cloud Run

To run your function in Cloud Run, first you must have the gcloud SDK installed and authenticated.

Additionally, you need to have a Google Cloud project ID for the Google Cloud Project you want to use.

After completing the steps under Installation and Define your Function, build the container using the example Dockerfile. This Dockerfile is built on top of the App Engine runtime for PHP 7.4, but you can use any container you want as long as your application listens on Port 8080.

docker build . \
    -f vendor/google/cloud-functions-framework/examples/hello/Dockerfile \
    -t gcr.io/$GCLOUD_PROJECT/my-cloud-function

NOTE: Be sure to replace $GCLOUD_PROJECT with your Google Cloud project ID, or set the environment variable using export GCLOUD_PROJECT="some-project-id".

Next, push your image to Google Container Registry. This will allow you to deploy it directly from Cloud Run.

docker push gcr.io/$GCLOUD_PROJECT/my-cloud-function

Finally, use the gcloud command-line tool to deploy to Cloud Run:

gcloud run deploy my-cloud-function \
    --image=gcr.io/$GCLOUD_PROJECT/my-cloud-function \
    --platform managed \
    --set-env-vars "FUNCTION_TARGET=helloHttp" \
    --allow-unauthenticated \
    --region $CLOUD_RUN_REGION \
    --project $GCLOUD_PROJECT

NOTE: Be sure to replace $CLOUD_RUN_REGION with the correct region for your Cloud Run instance, for example us-central1.

After your instance deploys, you can access it at the URL provided, or view it in the Cloud Console.

Use CloudEvents

The Functions Framework can unmarshall incoming CloudEvents payloads to a cloudevent object. This will be passed as arguments to your function when it receives a request. Note that your function must use the cloudevent function signature:

use Google\CloudFunctions\CloudEvent;

function helloCloudEvent(CloudEvent $cloudevent)
{
    // Print the whole CloudEvent
    $stdout = fopen('php://stdout', 'wb');
    fwrite($stdout, $cloudevent);
}

You will also need to set the FUNCTION_SIGNATURE_TYPE environment variable to cloudevent.

export FUNCTION_TARGET=helloCloudEvent
export FUNCTION_SIGNATURE_TYPE=cloudevent
php -S localhost:8080 vendor/bin/router.php

In a separate tab, make a cURL request in Cloud Event format to your function:

curl localhost:8080 \
    -H "ce-id: 1234567890" \
    -H "ce-source: //pubsub.googleapis.com/projects/MY-PROJECT/topics/MY-TOPIC" \
    -H "ce-specversion: 1.0" \
    -H "ce-type: com.google.cloud.pubsub.topic.publish" \
    -d '{"foo": "bar"}'

Your original process should output the following:

CLOUDEVENT metadata:
- id: 1234567890
- source: //pubsub.googleapis.com/projects/MY-PROJECT/topics/MY-TOPIC
- specversion: 1.0
- type: com.google.cloud.pubsub.topic.publish
- datacontenttype:
- dataschema:
- subject:
- time:

IMPORTANT: The above tutorials to deploy to a docker container and to Cloud Run work for CloudEvents as well, as long as FUNCTION_TARGET and FUNCTION_SIGNATURE_TYPE are set appropriately.

Working with PSR-7 HTTP Objects

The first parameter of your function is a Request object which implements the PSR-7 ServerRequestInterface:

use Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface;

function helloHttp(ServerRequestInterface $request): string
{
    return sprintf("Hello %s from PHP HTTP function!" . PHP_EOL,
        $request->getQueryParams()['name'] ?? 'World');
}

You can return a PSR-7 compatible ResponseInterface instead of a string. This allows you to set additional request properties such as the HTTP Status Code and headers.

use Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface;
use Psr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface;
use GuzzleHttp\Psr7\Response;
use GuzzleHttp\Psr7\Utils;

function helloHttp(ServerRequestInterface $request): ResponseInterface
{
    $body = sprintf("Hello %s from PHP HTTP function!" . PHP_EOL,
        $request->getQueryParams()['name'] ?? 'World');

    return (new Response())
        ->withBody(Utils::streamFor($body))
        ->withStatus(418) // I'm a teapot
        ->withHeader('Foo', 'Bar');
}

A request to this function will produce a response similar to the following:

HTTP/1.1 418 I'm a teapot
Host: localhost:8080
Date: Wed, 03 Jun 2020 00:48:38 GMT
Foo: Bar

Hello World from PHP HTTP function!

See the PSR-7 documentation documentation for more on working with the request and response objects.

Use Google Cloud Storage

When you require the google/cloud-storage package with composer, the functions framework will register the gs:// stream wrapper. This enables your function to read and write to Google Cloud Storage as you would any filesystem:

// Get the contents of an object in GCS
$object = file_get_contents('gs://{YOUR_BUCKET_NAME}/object.txt');
// Make modifications
$object .= "\nadd a line";
// Write the new contents back to GCS
file_put_contents('gs://{YOUR_BUCKET_NAME}/object.txt', $object);

You can unregister this at any time by using stream_wrapper_unregister:

// unregister the automatically registered one
stream_wrapper_unregister('gs');

Run your function on Knative

Cloud Run and Cloud Run on GKE both implement the Knative Serving API. The Functions Framework is designed to be compatible with Knative environments. Just build and deploy your container to a Knative environment.

If you want even more control over the environment, you can deploy your container image to Cloud Run on GKE. With Cloud Run on GKE, you can run your function on a GKE cluster, which gives you additional control over the environment (including use of GPU-based instances, longer timeouts and more).

Configure the Functions Framework

You can configure the Functions Framework using the environment variables shown below:

Environment variable Description
FUNCTION_TARGET The name of the exported function to be invoked in response to requests.
FUNCTION_SOURCE The name of the file containing the source code for your function to load. Default: index.php (if it exists)
FUNCTION_SIGNATURE_TYPE The signature used when writing your function. Controls unmarshalling rules and determines which arguments are used to invoke your function. Can be either http, event, or cloudevent. Default: http

Contributing

Contributions to this library are welcome and encouraged. See CONTRIBUTING for more information on how to get started.

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